Abstract: Microarchitecture design is a key stage of processor development. It is at the upper level of the entire design flow and directly affects core metrics such as performance, power consumption, and cost. Over the past few decades, new microarchitecture solutions, coupled with advances in semiconductor manufacturing, have enabled newer generations of processors to achieve higher performance and lower power consumption and cost. However, as chip design enters the post-Moore era, the dividends from the evolution of semiconductor technology are increasingly limited, and power consumption has become a major challenge for energy-efficient processor design. Meanwhile, modern processors are becoming more complex in architecture and larger in design space, requiring designers to make accurate design metrics tradeoffs to achieve the most desirable microarchitecture design. Moreover, the existing stage-by-stage decomposition of the development and validation flow is extremely lengthy and time-consuming, and it is difficult to achieve global energy efficiency optimization. Therefore, how to perform accurate and efficient power estimation and design space exploration at the microarchitecture design stage becomes a key issue. To tackle these challenges, machine learning has been introduced into the microarchitecture design process, providing efficient and accurate solutions for microarchitecture modeling and optimization. This paper first introduces the main design flow of processors, microarchitecture design and its major challenges, machine learning-assisted integrated circuit design, focus on research advances in the use of machine learning techniques to assist microarchitecture power modeling and design space exploration, and concludes with a summary and outlook.