Abstract: By integrating the coding theory with distributed computing and exploiting flexible coding methods, coded computing manages to relieve the transmission burden and the negative effects of stragglers. In this way, it improves the overall performance of distributed computing systems. Meanwhile, coded computing schemes are also designed and used to provide security and privacy guarantees for distributed computing systems, where mechanisms, such as error-correcting and data masking, are generally adopted. Due to the advantages of coded computing in communication, storage and computational complexity, it has attracted extensive attention and has become a popular direction in the field of distributed computing. In this survey, the background of coded computing is reviewed with its definition and core ideology clarified. Afterward, the existing coding schemes for communication bottleneck, computation delay and security privacy are introduced and comparatively analyzed in detail. Finally, future research directions and technical challenges of coded computing are analyzed and introduced to provide valuable references for related researchers.