面向多核处理器的机器学习推理框架

张潇; 支天

doi:10.7544/issn1000-1239.2019.20180786

面向多核处理器的机器学习推理框架

张潇^1,2,3,
支天^1,3

¹(中国科学院计算技术研究所北京 100190)
²(中国科学院大学北京 100049)
³(上海寒武纪信息科技有限公司上海 201306) (zhangxiao@ict.ac.cn)

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFA0700900，2017YFA0700902，2017YFA0700901，2017YFB1003101);国家自然科学基金项目(61472396，61432016，61473275，61522211，61532016，61521092，61502446，61672491，61602441，61602446，61732002，61702478，61732020);北京市自然科学基金项目(JQ18013);国家“九七三”重点基础研究发展计划基金项目(2015CB358800)；“核心电子器件、高端通用芯片及基础软件产品”国家科技重大专项基金项目(2018ZX01031102);中国科学院科技成果转移转化重点专项(KFJ-HGZX-013);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(B类)(XDB32050200)

详细信息

中图分类号: TP389.1
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- 发布日期: 2019-08-31

Machine Learning Inference Framework on Multi-Core Processor

Zhang Xiao^1,2,3,
Zhi Tian^1,3

¹(Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190)
²(University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049)
³(Cambricon Tech.Ltd., Shanghai 201306)

Funds: This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFA0700900, 2017YFA0700902, 2017YFA0700901, 2017YFB1003101), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61472396, 61432016, 61473275, 61522211, 61532016, 61521092, 61502446, 61672491, 61602441, 61602446, 61732002, 61702478, 61732020), the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (JQ18013), the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (2015CB358800), the National Science and Technology Major Projects of Hegaoji (2018ZX01031102), the Transformation and Transfer of Scientific and Technological Achievements of Chinese Academy of Sciences (KFJ-HGZX-013), and the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB32050200).

摘要

摘要: 近年来，深度神经网络被广泛应用于各个领域并取得了极大的成功.由于神经网络模型的尺寸和计算量的不断增加，为了能够高效迅速地完成神经网络的计算，包括GPU和专用加速器在内的很多新型硬件处理器被用于深度学习的计算.尽管如此，通用处理器作为目前最为常见和易于获得的计算平台，探究如何高效地在其上运行神经网络算法同样具有重要意义.多核处理器在训练阶段可以采用数据并行的方式来提高数据吞吐量，加快训练速度.然而在推理阶段，相比吞吐量场景，端到端的时延往往更加重要，因为这决定了处理器在某个场景下的可用性.传统的数据并行方案不能满足推理场景下对处理器小数据、低延迟的要求.因此，对于多核的处理器结构，需要在算子内部对计算进行拆分，才能够充分利用多核结构的硬件资源.考虑到处理器的计算特点，需要一种精细的方法来对计算图中的算子进行合理的拆分，才能真正有效地发挥出多核处理器的计算潜能.提出一种基于算子拆分的并行框架，可以用较小的开销实现处理器由单核向多核结构上的扩展，并且能够针对给定的网络和底层处理器特点给出一种高效的拆分方案.实验结果表明：该方法能有效降低各种网络在多核处理器上的端到端时延.
- 深度学习框架 /
- 多核处理器 /
- 低延迟推理 /
- 算子拆分 /
- 循环神经网络
Abstract: In recent years, deep neural network has been widely used in many domains and got huge success. Since the size and computation workload for neural network model is increasing rapidly, GPU and many new-designed domain-specific accelerators have been used in order to complete computing neural networks as soon as possible. However, the traditional general-purpose processor should not be ignored. Considering it is common and easy to get, exploring efficient way for using general-purpose processor in deep learning is meaningful. In training phase, the multi-core architecture is suitable for data parallelism which helps to increase system throughput. However, in inference phase, end-to-end latency is much more important than throughput, and traditional data parallelism could not fulfill the requirement of small batch and low latency. In order to utilize hardware resource of multi-core architecture, it is necessary to split the computation task into smaller parts which can be executed on multi-core processor in parallel. Besides, a sophisticated strategy is necessary to make sure the split plan will not affect computing efficiency on each core. In this paper, we propose a parallel framework for the multi-core general-purpose processor. It divides each operation in the neural network into smaller ones and executes them on the multiple cores in parallel. By offering some necessary assistant operations, this framework can be easily transplanted to support potential multi-core processors. Also, the framework can automatically generate an effective splitting plan for the given neural networks. The plan is designed with enough consideration of both network architecture and low-level hardware. The experimental results show that this framework can give an efficient splitting plan which substantially reduces the end-to-end latency of inference task on multi-core processor.
- deep learning framework /
- multi-core processor /
- low-latency inference /
- operation splitting /
- recurrent neural network

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