Abstract: With the rapid development of cloud computing and Internet of things, users’ demand for software systems tends to be diversified. Service oriented architecture (SOA) needs to strike a balance between stable service integration and flexible adaptation of requirements. Based on this situation, the microservice technology, which goes with independent process as well as independent deployment capability, emerges as the times require. It has a slew of advantages, such as distributed storage, high availability, scalability, and intelligent operation maintenance, which can make up for the shortcomings of the traditional SOA architecture. From the perspective of system integration, the paper firstly describes the application background of microservice, which include the core components of microservice, software technology development and architecture evolution to ensure the availability of microservice infrastructure. Secondly, in view of problems existing in practical applications, the paper analyzes the key technologies utilized in the specific application of the microservice architecture through the aspects of distributed communication, distributed data storage, distributed call chain, and testing complexity; then, a specific application case is given to confirm the technical feasibility of microservice. Finally, this paper intends to explore the challenges by microservice through the aspects of infrastructure, information exchange, data security, and network security. Meanwhile, the future development trend is analyzed so as to provide valuable theoretical and technical reference for the future innovation and development of microservice.