Abstract: Based on the multi-core processor Shenwei 1600, the high-performance many-core processor Shenwei 26010 adopts SoC (system on chip) technology, and integrates 4 computing-control cores and 256 computing cores in a single chip. It adopts a 64-bit RISC (reduced instruction set computer) instruction set designed with an original design, and supports 256-bit SIMD (single instruction multiple data) integer and floating-point vector-acceleration operations. Its peak performance for double precision floating-point operations reaches 3.168TFLOPS. Shenwei 26010 processor is manufactured using 28nm process technology. The die area of the chip is more than 500mm\+2, and the 260 cores of the chip can run stably with a frequency of 1.5GHz. Shenwei 26010 processor adopts a variety of low power-consumption designs on the architecture level, the microarchitecture level, and the circuit level, and thus, leading to a peak energy-efficiency-ratio of 10.559GFLOPS/W. Notably, both the operating frequency and the energy-efficiency-ratio of the chip are higher than those of the worldwide contemporary processor products. Through the technical innovations of high frequency design, stable reliability design and yield design, Shenwei 26010 has effectively solved the issues of high frequency target, power consumption wall, stability and reliability, and yield, all of which are encountered when pursuing the goal of high-performance computing. It has been applied successfully to a 100PFLOPS supercomputer system named “Sunway TaihuLight” on a large scale, and therefore, can adequately meet the computing requirements for both scientific and engineering applications.