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    面向边缘智能的联邦学习综述

    An Overview of Federated Learning in Edge Intelligence

    • 摘要: 随着边缘智能需求的快速增长,联邦学习(federated learning,FL)技术在产业界受到了极大的关注. 与传统基于云计算的集中式机器学习相比,边缘网络环境下联邦学习借助移动边缘设备共同训练机器学习模型,不需要把大量本地数据发送到云端进行处理,缩短了数据处理计算节点与用户之间的距离,在满足用户低时延需求的同时,用户数据可以在本地训练进而实现数据隐私保护. 在边缘网络环境下,由于通信资源和计算资源受限,联邦学习的性能依赖于无线网络状态、终端设备资源以及数据质量的综合限制. 因此,面向边缘智能应用,首先分析了边缘智能环境下高效联邦学习面临的挑战,然后综述联邦学习在客户端选择、模型训练与模型更新等关键技术方面的研究进展,最后对边缘智能联邦学习的发展趋势进行了展望.

       

      Abstract: With the increasing demand of edge intelligence, federated learning (FL) has been now of great concern to the industry. Compared with the traditionally centralized machine learning that is mostly based on cloud computing, FL collaboratively trains the neural network model over a large number of edge devices in a distributed way, without sending a large amount of local data to the cloud for processing, which makes the compute-extensive learning tasks sunk to the edge of the network closed to the user. Consequently, the users’ data can be trained locally to meet the needs of low latency and privacy protection. In mobile edge networks, due to the limited communication resources and computing resources, the performance of FL is subject to the integrated constraint of the available computation and communication resources during wireless networking, and also data quality in mobile device. Aiming for the applications of edge intelligence, the tough challenges for seeking high efficiency FL are analyzed here. Next, the research progresses in client selection, model training and model updating in FL are summarized. Specifically, the typical work in data unloading, model segmentation, model compression, model aggregation, gradient descent algorithm optimization and wireless resource optimization are comprehensively analyzed. Finally, the future research trends of FL in edge intelligence are prospected.

       

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