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    实时多媒体传输延迟优化:架构、进展与展望

    Latency Optimization in Real-Time Multimedia Transport: Architecture, Progress and the Future

    • 摘要: 实时多媒体传输是互联网最重要的应用之一,其系统对于传输延迟提出了很高的需求. 其中,延迟波动是延迟优化中最具有挑战性的问题. 然而,传统的尽力而为的传输服务在很多情况下无法满足实时多媒体传输对延迟波动的要求. 首先,阐述了实时多媒体传输面临的主要挑战. 其次,分析了如果要优化实时多媒体传输的延迟亟需解决的关键问题. 基于上述问题归纳了实时多媒体传输系统架构中的2个关键通路、5个核心组件. 围绕各个组件涉及的技术,梳理了代表性研究成果. 在此基础上,总结了面向实时多媒体传输及低延迟应用的研究分支,并对各研究分支优化算法与应用进行综述. 通过分析发现,延迟的尾部波动是实时多媒体延迟优化应关注的主要目标. 最后,提出了未来可能的研究方向.

       

      Abstract: Real-time multimedia transmission is one of the most important applications of the Internet, with the applications such as videoconferencing, cloud gaming, virtual reality and so on. In the same time, the real-time multimedia transmission systems therefore demand high requirements for the end-to-end transmission latency. Among them, latency fluctuation is the most challenging problem in latency optimization. However, traditional ‘best-effort’ transmission services in the Internet cannot meet the requirements of latency fluctuations for real-time multimedia transmission in many cases. This paper first elaborates on the main challenges faced by real-time multimedia transmission. Secondly, it analyzes the key issues that need to be addressed to optimize the latency of real-time multimedia transmission. Based on these issues, two key paths (control path and data path) and five core components in the architecture of real-time multimedia transmission system are summarized. Around the technologies involved in each component, representative research results are summarized and discussed, especially for the research efforts in the recent years. Based on the analysis above, the research branches for real-time multimedia transmission and low-latency applications are summarized, and the optimization algorithms and applications for each research branch are reviewed. A key finding in this paper is that the fluctuation of latency is the key metric that research needs to work on. Finally, this paper also discusses and proposes possible future research directions for the readers.

       

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