Abstract: Lightweight mobile devices with limited resources often alleviate their computational and storage burdens by outsourcing large-scale data to cloud storage servers. However, this cloud storage model is susceptible to the possibility of selfish cloud servers discarding data to conserve storage resources. Therefore, there is a need for effective integrity verification of cloud-stored data to ensure its correct and intact storage. Existing cloud storage integrity verification mechanisms lack a reliable approach to perform real-time, multiple verifications of data under the premise of data privacy protection. We propose an integrity verification mechanism based on a trusted execution environment. It generates trustworthy proofs in isolated areas to ensure that the cloud server remains unaware of the data and the entire proof generation process, thereby compelling honest assurance of data integrity throughout the process. To further enhance the security of the proposed solution, we introduce blockchain smart contracts to provide trustworthy storage and verification of proofs. Additionally, we address the issue of resource scarcity on the client side by proposing an efficient verification mechanism based on cuckoo filters. Experimental results demonstrate that this method can achieve high execution efficiency and practicality while ensuring the integrity verification of private data.