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    ECG-QGAN:基于量子生成对抗网络的心电图生成式信息系统

    ECG-QGAN: A ECG Generative Information System Based on Quantum Generative Adversarial Networks

    • 摘要: 据统计,我国心血管疾病患病人数约达3.3亿,每年因为心血管疾病死亡的人数占总死亡人数的40%. 在这种背景下,心脏病辅助诊断系统的发展显得尤为重要,但其开发受限于缺乏既不含患者隐私信息又由医疗专家标注的大量心电图(electrocardiogram, ECG)临床数据. 作为一门新兴学科,量子计算可通过利用量子叠加和纠缠特性,能够探索更大、更复杂的状态空间,进而有利于生成同临床数据一样的高质量和多样化的心电图数据. 为此,提出了一种基于量子生成对抗网络的心电图生成式信息系统,简称为ECG-QGAN.其中量子生成对抗网络由量子双向门控循环单元(quantum bidirectional gated recurrent unit, QBiGRU)和量子卷积神经网络(quantum convolutional neural network, QCNN)组成. 该系统利用量子的纠缠特性提高生成能力,以生成与现有临床数据一致的ECG数据,从而可以保留心脏病患者的心跳特征. 该系统的生成器和判别器分别采用QBiGRU和 QCNN,并应用了基于矩阵乘积状态(matrix product state, MPS)和树形张量网络(tree tensor network, TTN)所设计的变分量子电路(variational quantum circuit , VQC). 它可以使该系统在较少的量子资源下,更高效地捕捉ECG数据信息,生成合格的ECG数据. 此外,该系统应用了量子Dropout技术,以避免训练过程中出现过拟合问题. 最后,实验结果表明,与其他生成ECG数据的模型相比,ECG-QGAN生成的ECG数据具有更高的平均分类准确率. 同时它在量子位数量和电路深度方面对当前噪声较大的中尺度量子(noise intermediate scale quantum, NISQ)计算机是友好的.

       

      Abstract: According to statistics, the number of people suffering from cardiovascular diseases in China is about 330 million, and the number of deaths caused by cardiovascular diseases accounts for 40% of the total number of deaths each year. Under this circumstance, the development of heart disease assisted diagnosis systems is particularly important, but its development is limited by the lack of a large amount of electrocardiogram (ECG) clinical data that does not contain patient privacy information and needs to be annotated by medical experts. As an emerging discipline, quantum computing can explore larger and more complex state spaces by utilizing quantum superposition and entanglement properties, which is beneficial for generating high-quality and diverse electrocardiogram data similar to real clinical data. Therefore, we propose an electrocardiogram generative information system based on quantum generative adversarial networks, abbreviated as ECG-QGAN. The quantum generative adversarial network consists of a quantum bidirectional gated recurrent unit (QBiGRU) and a quantum convolutional neural network (QCNN). The system utilizes the entanglement property of quantum to improve the generative capability to produce ECG data that is consistent with the existing clinical data so that the heartbeat characteristics of cardiac patients can be preserved. The generator and discriminator of this system use QBiGRU and QCNN, respectively. The variational quantum circuit (VQC) designed based on matrix product state (MPS) and tree tensor network (TTN) is adopted, which enables the system to capture ECG data information more efficiently and generate qualified ECG data with fewer quantum resources. In addition, the system applies quantum Dropout technology to avoid overfitting issues during the training process. Finally, the experimental results show that the ECGs generated by ECG-QGAN have a higher average classification accuracy compared to other models for generating ECGs. It is also friendly to the current noisy intermediate scale quantum (NISQ) computers in terms of the number of quantum bits and circuit depth.

       

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