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    KFCMetric:一种基于内核函数调用频率的云应用运行时性能监测指标

    KFCMetric: a Runtime Performance Metric for Cloud Applications Based on Kernel Function Call Frequencies

    • 摘要: 提高资源利用率对于云服务提供商来说至关重要,不仅可以降低运营成本,还能满足对可扩展性和高效服务日益增长的需求。然而,现有的性能指标由于依赖于静态基准测试或小规模负载测试,往往无法提供准确的监控能力,这在动态且快速变化的环境中尤为不足,尤其是在多租户系统中常见的突发工作负载期间。此外,这些指标通常依赖于特定的软件或硬件配置,限制了它们在不同云基础设施中的适应性和通用性。为了解决这些限制,本文提出了KFCMetric,这是一种基于内核函数调用频率的创新性能指标,旨在提升资源调度和性能监控能力。与传统方法不同,KFCMetric深入研究了内核级别的运行时行为,通过提取内核函数调用图,大幅缩小了搜索空间,并识别出直接反映应用性能的关键分支。这种针对性的方法不仅提高了监控的精确性,还降低了开销。此外,KFCMetric通过概率模型计算偏差值,推导出归一化的性能指标,实现了对各种应用的统一评估,无需手动配置或预定义阈值。其动态适应工作负载波动的能力确保了实时检测性能下降的情况,并通过分析关键分支比例,能够高效定位资源瓶颈并触发智能资源重新分配机制,以维持服务质量。实验结果表明,KFCMetric相比现有最先进的方法(如PARTIES),能够将应用的平均尾延迟降低5.5%到18.9%,突显了其高效性、适应性和可靠性。值得注意的是,在硬件性能计数器不可用的情况下,KFCMetric通过内核级别的洞察提供了一种新颖且稳健的解决方案,能够提取关键内核特征、定位资源瓶颈并优化资源调度,使其在复杂且动态的云环境中具有实用价值。

       

      Abstract: Improving resource utilization is crucial for cloud service providers to reduce operational costs while meeting the growing demand for scalable and efficient services. However, existing performance metrics often fail to provide accurate monitoring due to their reliance on static benchmarks or small-scale load testing, which are insufficient for dynamic, rapidly evolving environments, particularly during sudden workload surges common in multi-tenant systems. Furthermore, these metrics frequently depend on specific software or hardware configurations, limiting their adaptability and universality across diverse cloud infrastructures. To address these limitations, this paper introduces KFCMetric, an innovative performance metric designed to enhance resource scheduling and performance monitoring by leveraging kernel function call frequencies. Unlike traditional methods, KFCMetric delves into runtime behavior at the kernel level, extracting kernel function call graphs to significantly reduce the search space and identify critical branches that directly reflect application performance. This targeted approach improves monitoring precision while minimizing overhead. Additionally, KFCMetric employs a probabilistic model to derive a normalized performance metric that calculates deviation values, enabling unified evaluation across various applications without manual configuration or predefined thresholds. Its ability to dynamically adapt to workload fluctuations ensures real-time detection of performance degradation, and by analyzing critical branch ratios, it efficiently pinpoints resource bottlenecks and triggers intelligent resource reallocation mechanisms to maintain service quality. Experimental results reveal that KFCMetric reduces the mean tail latency of applications by 5.5% to 20% compared to state-of-the-art methods such as PARTIES, highlighting its efficiency, adaptability, and reliability. Notably, it is particularly effective in scenarios where hardware performance counters are unavailable, leveraging kernel-level insights to offer a novel and robust solution for extracting critical kernel features, identifying resource bottlenecks, and optimizing resource scheduling, making it a practical choice for complex and dynamic cloud environments.

       

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