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    LUCID:面向多智能体系统潜空间注入攻击的检测与缓解方法

    LUCID: Detecting and Mitigating Latent-Space Injection Attacks in Multi-Agent Systems

    • 摘要: 潜交互通过在多智能体之间直接交换连续隐表示,可显著减少文本解码与再编码的开销,被视为提升多智能体系统推理效率的重要方向。然而,该范式的安全后果尚未得到充分分析。本文揭示了一个关键悖论:潜交互系统虽然对传统文本提示注入表现出较低攻击成功率,但这种表面鲁棒性并不意味着系统天然安全,反而容易形成“虚假安全感”。受控实验表明,显式文本攻击形成的特异表示方向会随潜推理展开而衰减;一旦攻击者绕过文本接口、直接操纵共享键值缓存,仍可在不触发文本防护机制的情况下影响下游智能体。为缓解该风险,本文提出LUCID缓存安全框架。该方法对浅层Key状态进行近似语义投影,依据固定威胁语义锚点定位高风险缓存位置,并同步净化各层Key和Value的对应状态;互补的K/V共源一致性分支进一步扩展对不保留显式威胁语义的连续操纵覆盖。在推理、知识问答与代码生成等任务上的实验表明,LUCID能够稳定抑制潜空间注入,并较缓存剪枝基线保留更多良性任务信息。直接表示对照、重构评价、连续潜状态攻击和跨模型实验进一步刻画了其检测机制、可审计性与部署范围。

       

      Abstract: Latent interaction has emerged as a promising paradigm for improving the efficiency of multi-agent systems by replacing repeated text decoding and encoding with direct latent-state exchange. However, its security implications remain underexplored. This paper reveals a critical paradox: latent-interaction systems appear resistant to conventional textual prompt injection, yet this apparent robustness can create a false sense of security. Controlled measurements show that the attack-specific representation direction induced by textual prompts is attenuated during latent reasoning, rather than demonstrating intrinsic channel safety. Once an attacker directly manipulates the shared key-value memory, downstream behavior can still be hijacked without activating text-based safeguards. To address this threat, we propose LUCID, a cache security framework that performs approximate semantic projection on shallow Key states, localizes risky cache positions with fixed threat-semantic anchors, and purifies the corresponding Key and Value states across layers. A complementary K/V common-source consistency branch extends the framework to post-forward continuous manipulation that need not preserve explicit threat-control semantics. Extensive experiments across reasoning, knowledge question answering, and code generation tasks demonstrate that LUCID consistently suppresses latent injection while preserving more benign task information than cache-pruning baselines. Direct-representation comparisons, reconstruction evaluation, continuous latent attacks, and cross-backbone studies further characterize its detection mechanism, auditability, and deployment scope.

       

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