Abstract: Volume holographic storage has the potential to offer high density, fast data readout, and associative content addressable storage. But in order to make it a general-purpose data storage system, it is very important to attain these desirable goals simultaneously with the acceptable bit error rate （BER）（10 -12）. Careful engineering of the optics alone is not generally the most cost-effective solution to reducing the BER to the target value. A properly designed error correcting code and interleaving can alleviate the requirements for the BER,relax the requirements for system design and quality of the components, and correct a 10 -5 raw BER to the 10 -12 level without sacrificing other system goals. Studied in this paper are the noise and error sources in digital volume holographic data storage channel, and the error-correcting codes and the two-dimensional interleaving for volume holographic storage systems.