Abstract: With the fast progress of Internet, the backbone of Internet needs more powerful router with Gbps and even Tbps links. Thus, packet processing becomes the bottleneck of Internet backbone routers. Wire speed packet input processing is not only meaningful for Internet backbone router, but also useful in layer 4/7 switch, high speed firewall and intrusion detection system. In this paper, the recent advance in the research of wire speed packet input processing is survdyed, and the key problems and solutions of wire speed packet input processing are analyzed in detail. Finally, some open problems are identified.