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    一种基于PSO的有效能量空洞避免的无线传感器路由算法

    An Energy-Hole Avoidance Routing Algorithm for WSN Based on PSO

    • 摘要: 无线传感器网络路由的一个重要问题是如何有效地均衡整个网络的能量消耗水平,避免形成能量空洞,从而导致整个网络过早死亡.基于无线传感器网络特性,首先将路由问题转化为线性规划问题,并证明了路由问题与线性规划问题的等价性.在此基础上,利用粒子群算法(particle swarm optimization algorithm, PSO)来求解能量空洞避免路由问题.算法重新定义了PSO的粒子、粒子的运算与“飞行”规则,提出了基于PSO的无线传感器路由优化算法.算法不仅能够适用于平面网络,经过稍加改进同样可以适用于层次网络的路由算法.通过理论分析证实了算法的正确性,同时大量的模拟实验证实了算法的有效性.

       

      Abstract: In multi-hop wireless sensor networks characterized by many-to-one traffic patterns, problems related to energy imbalance among sensors often appear. For example, the amount of traffic that sensors are required to forward increases dramatically as the distance to the sink node becomes smaller. Thus, sensors closest to the sink node tend to die early, leaving areas of the network completely unmonitored and causing network partitions. Hence, an important issue of wireless sensor networks routing is how to mitigate the energy-hole problem. Based on the characteristics of wireless sensor networks, a routing problem is converted firstly into linear programming problem, and the equivalence between the routing problem and linear programming problem is proved. On the basis of the above, the particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO) is used for solving the routing problem of avoiding the energy-hole. The algorithm redefines the particle of the PSO, the operation of particle, and the “flying” rules. Then it turns into a routing optimization algorithm for WSN based on PSO. The algorithm can be applicable to the flat network, while being applicable to the hierarchical network if improved in some sort. The significant advantage of the algorithm is that it could provide the general routing optimization approach for energy balance, regardless of the topology structure of network. Finally, the accuracy and effectiveness of the algorithm are proved respectively by theoretical analysis and a number of simulated experiments.

       

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