Abstract: The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) faces increasingly severe security threats, and traditional perimeter-based security models are no longer adequate to address evolving and complex demands. Zero trust, an emerging security model centered on the core principle of “never trust, always verify,” has gradually gained attention. However, the research and application of zero trust in the IIoT domain are still in their early stages, necessitating more comprehensive and systematic exploration. This paper provides a systematic review of the development and applications of zero trust in the industrial sector, with a focus on analyzing its core technologies and practical scenarios while identifying current research trends and future directions. The paper introduces the basic concepts and principles of industrial zero trust, establishing a theoretical foundation for subsequent discussions. It then systematically outlines the migration strategies and evaluation methods for industrial zero trust architectures and summarizes key technologies, including authentication, software-defined perimeters, micro-segmentation, secure communication channels, and trust evaluation, collectively forming the core supporting framework of industrial zero trust. Furthermore, this paper delves into the critical role of access control within the zero trust model and its value in fine-grained permission management. By examining typical IIoT application scenarios, the paper further explores the practical advantages of zero trust in complex environments. Finally, it identifies existing challenges in industrial zero trust and discusses potential future development directions.