Latency Optimization in Real-Time Multimedia Transmission: Architecture, Progress and the Future

Meng Zili; Xu Mingwei

doi:10.7544/issn1000-1239.202330240

Journal of Computer Research and Development > 2024 > 61(12): 3054-3068. > DOI: 10.7544/issn1000-1239.202330240

Meng Zili, Xu Mingwei. Latency Optimization in Real-Time Multimedia Transmission: Architecture, Progress and the Future[J]. Journal of Computer Research and Development, 2024, 61(12): 3054-3068. DOI: 10.7544/issn1000-1239.202330240

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Latency Optimization in Real-Time Multimedia Transmission: Architecture, Progress and the Future

Meng Zili^1,,
Xu Mingwei^{1, 2, ,}

1.
Institute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
2.
Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084

Funds: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (62221003).

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Author Bio:
Meng Zili: born in 1999. PhD candidate. His main research interest includes real-time video transmission

Xu Mingwei: born in 1971. PhD, professor. Member of CCF. His main research interest includes Internet architecture
Received Date: March 31, 2023
Revised Date: August 15, 2023
Available Online: March 13, 2024

Graphical Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Real-time multimedia transmission is one of the most important applications of the Internet, with the applications such as videoconferencing, cloud gaming, virtual reality and so on. In the same time, the real-time multimedia transmission systems therefore demand high requirements for the end-to-end transmission latency. Among them, latency fluctuation is the most challenging problem in latency optimization. However, traditional ‘best-effort’ transmission services in the Internet cannot meet the requirements of latency fluctuations for real-time multimedia transmission in many cases. We firstly elaborates the main challenges faced by real-time multimedia transmission. Secondly, we analyze the key issues that need to be addressed to optimize the latency of real-time multimedia transmission. Based on these issues, two key paths (control path and data path) and five core components in the architecture of real-time multimedia transmission system are summarized. Around the technologies involved in each component, representative research results are summarized and discussed, especially for the research efforts in the recent years. Based on the analysis above, the research branches for real-time multimedia transmission and low-latency applications are summarized, and the optimization algorithms and applications for each research branch are reviewed. A key finding in this paper is that the fluctuation of latency is the key metric that research needs to work on. Finally, we also discuss and propose possible future research directions for the readers.
- real-time multimedia transmission,
- latency fluctuation,
- real-time,
- network architecture,
- low-latency transport

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References (88)

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