A Survey on Algorithm and Hardware Optimization to LWE-based Fully Homomorphic Encryption

With the rapid development of cloud computing, quantum computing and other technologies, data privacy is facing severe threats. Fully homomorphic encryption technology based on lattice theory has the capabilities of natural resistance to quantum attacks and arbitrary calculations on data in an encrypted state, effectively guaranteeing data security in the quantum computing era. Although fully homomorphic encryption shows significant potential, it suffers the problem of the volume explosion of computing and storage. To address the above problem and speedup the wide adoption of fully homomorphic encryption algorithms, researchers from the fields of algorithms and hardware, a variety of solutions have been proposed and significant progress has been made. This work summarizes the progress of mainstream fully homomorphic encryption technology, analysis and compilation of algorithm libraries and fully homomorphic hardware accelerator in the past five years, and finally provides perspective of fully homomorphic encryption technology future development.